The Silent Partners And The Social Responsibility Model Of...

Novel Ideas’ silent partners have numerous concerns with public officials calling off layoffs including the hindrance of economic performance, an increase in insolvency, and an inability to maximize company profits.. We realize that the principal motive is to maximize profits. As investors in our company, we understand why the silent partners tend to agree with the social responsibility model of Milton Friedman. The silent partners, like Mr. Friedman, feel as if we need to utilize our resources and engage in activities that diminish the economic volatility our company is facing (Crawford, 9/20). A primary concern is to do whatever it takes to maintain the company’s solvency, while adhering and staying within any legal boundaries. Another concern the silent partners may have is the social responsiveness strategy that the officials from the local chamber of commerce and local economic development group want us to utilize. The local organizations want us to avoid layoffs, so the community can maintain economic stability. However, we know that the silent partners are concerned that if we do not fire one of the full-time employees, we will not be maximizing our profits, and again increasing the economic volatility of our business. As the silent partners have mentioned, firing one of the full-time employees would not be of concern as we would save money, increase profits, and still maintain a satisfactory level of customer service. However, many would categorize our strategy asShow MoreRelatedMNN3701 Module slides2443 Words   |  10 PagesDevelopment SU 4 – Corporate Citizenship Defined SU 5 – Milton Friedman and the Business of Business SU 6 – The â€Å"Why?† of Corporate Citizenship SU 7 – The â€Å"How?† of Corporate Citizenship SU 8 – Corporate Citizenship and Leadership 2 Contact Details Tracey Cohen Lecturer: Department of Business Management ï€ ©: 012 429 6136 eï€ ª: cohent@unisa.ac.za 3 Ground Rules †¢ Question time †¢ Quiet please †¢ Cell phones – Switched off or put on silent. 4 Objectives of this Lecture †¢ Run through the StudyRead MoreA Proposal On The Decision Making Process Essay2022 Words   |  9 Pagesyou might be facing, employees, local officials, and ethical principles that are relevant to make the final decision that will benefit most stakeholders while minimizing the potential damage for some stakeholders. Concerns of Silent Partners We understand that as silent partners, you are concerned with the loss of profits that have come from having two full time employees instead of one along with the need of long time survival of the company. Full time employees are provided benefits and a set salaryRead MoreEfficient Capital Markets, Corporate Disclosure and Enron12656 Words   |  51 Pagesand economics model of corporate disclosure. According to this model, firms have strong incentives to disclose information in order to distinguish themselves from poorly performing rivals. 7 Fear of negative sanctions prevents firms from misrepresenting their corporate performance. 8 Part III of this Article considers these issues. It appears that, at least in some cases, the traditional law and economics model of corporate disclosure should be replaced by a prisoners dilemma model, in which allRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1 573 PagesManagement Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes in OB 14 Challenges and Opportunities for OB 15 Responding to Economic Pressures 15 †¢ Responding to Globalization 16 †¢ Managing Workforce Diversity 18 †¢ Improving Customer ServiceRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesworld? How can companies renew and sustain those factors in the face of the business slowdowns and major fluctuations that challenge the longterm continuation of profitable earnings? As we continue to experience the twenty-first century’s economic, social, and political churning, how will these driving factors be influenced by the brutally competitive global economy in which organizations do not have any particular geographic identity or travel under any particular national passport? What will be theRead MoreBusiness Journalism in India26104 Words   |  105 Pagesa complete story one should look at what fundamentally influences the other. E.g Tata Nano * Its complicated but interesting. * Business journalism is a big, broad multifaceted thing. There are science writers and financial writers and social issues writers. There are corporate writers, so there’s a whole range if you work for a business publication. Newspaper’s business writers tend to write about business. * 3 factors why the Indian media is in limelight * 1. Democracy is theRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesperspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7 (paper : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0271-4 (electronic) 1. History, Modern—20th century. 2. Twentieth century. 3. Social history—20th century. 4. World politics—20th century. I. Adas, Michael, 1943– II. American Historical Association. D421.E77 2010 909.82—dc22 2009052961 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard

The Nature of the Kingdom as it is Presented in Lukes Gospel

The Nature of the Kingdom as it is Presented in Lukes Gospel One of Lukes main interests in Jesus was his preaching on the Kingdom of God. As Luke was arguably a gentile, he wanted to prove to all people that the Kingdom was present and that everyone is welcome to become a member. However what Luke wrote about the kingdom in some areas did contradict the Jews expectations. For example, Jewish understanding of the kingdom was that a divine rule would be the counterpart of the earthly kingship. This goes back to Old Testament when the prophet Samuel first anointed the first Jewish King Saul, as so was King David. The anointing of a king meant that they would represent Gods rule and would be†¦show more content†¦This can be rectified as the parousia. According to Albert Schweitzer, who first popularised this idea meant however, that Jesus held the same expectations as many Jewish apocalyptic writers of his day. He suggested that Jesus believed God would intervene immediately in the affairs of humanity and that his own lifes work would be the divisive climax that would come within Jesus lifetime. However C.H. Dodd contradicted Schweitzers theory on futurist eschatology and introduced his theory on realised eschatology. According to Dodd what Jesus was really saying was that the new society had arrived in his own person through his teachings thus Jesus teaching is inaugural eschatology. The coming of Jesus is thus the coming of Gods eternal reign. Miracles are much easier to understand if they are regarded as signs that God was creating a new society right there and then. To put these miracles into context, according to 1st century Jewish thinking, if one was ill, it was either due to their parents sins, or their own. However when Jesus healed the sick, for example the lame man, Jesus himself said, friend your sins are forgivenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦pick up your mat and walk. This healing shows scholars today that to heal a person, was to forgive them, thus bring them back to God. Parables thatShow MoreRelatedThe New Testament Gospel By Matthew, Mark, Luke And John Form1590 Words   |  7 PagesThe four New Testament gospel books, Matthew, Mark, Luke and John form a conclusive and powerful portrait of Jesus Christ as the sent son of God. The four books are not in any way explaining the biography of Christ’s complete life, but rather trying to give the fundamental truth of Christianity, the great truths of the gospel and who Jesus really is. Each of the named gospel writers gives a clear and personal perspective of Christ as guided by the Holy Ghost and the themes that correspond to JesusRead MoreThe World Of The Gospels A Miracle1146 Words   |  5 PagesIn the light of scientific, data driven, technological preoccupation, miracles seem to be unnecessary. The gap between humankind and the divine has widened to the point of being irrelevant, unnecessary or non-existent. However, in the world of the gospels a ‘miracle’ was anything that caused people to wonder (Latin miraculum to wonder; mirari to wonder at) or be in awe. According to John Meier (A marginal Jew, Vol 2:512) a miracle is â€Å"an unusual startling or extraordinary event that is in principleRead MoreThe Sermon On The Mount ( And The Plain )3532 Words   |  15 Pageslevel of interpretation. Literary interpretation of the gospel is ever-changing due to the influential nature of the modern environment, where current actions shape the initiatives of the past. While the common understanding is that these sermons lack independence as one re-introduces the theories taught in the previous sermon, the theory requires further interpretation before formulating a conclusion on the independent or collective nature of the sermons. As one examines Christian doctrine, commonRead MoreThe Gospel Of The Bible2155 Words   |  9 PagesThe Gospel according to Luke is the third of the four Gospels found in the New Testament. This Gospel is the longest, and was originally joined to the Acts, making a two volume book. Irenaeus, Tertullian and Jerome, are examples of individual witnesses who named the author of the third Gospel, St. Luke; a physician from Antioch, and fellow companion of St. Paul. It is also evident in the preface, when Luke uses the first pronoun saying, â€Å"I too decided to write an orderly account† (1:1-4). MostRead MoreWalking On Water, And Into Our Lives2257 Words   |  10 PagesKelvin Iloanya Synoptic Gospels Sister Mary Kate Birge November 20 2016 Walking on Water, and into Our Lives The author of Matthew’s Gospel was first thought to have been the same tax collector who was appointed by jesus to be one of his apostles. It is possible that the apostle was responsible for a prior account of this or he might have been a missionary in the area in which the gospel was written. Most scholars are a bit hesitant of the belief that the apostle Mark is the actual author and areRead MoreNarrative Christology : Luke 17 : 11-193663 Words   |  15 PagesFROM OUTSIDE THE CAMP TO WITHIN THE KINGDOM: NARRATIVE CHRISTOLOGY IN LUKE 17:11-19 In Luke 17, Jesus is somewhere along his journey to Jerusalem when he encounters ten lepers in need of healing. As is expected, he heals them and sends them away. However, the story takes a sudden shift toward the unexpected. One man returns. The man’s identity is even more unexpected. Luke halts the story to inform readers that he is a Samaritan, a â€Å"foreign breed.† The Samaritan falls at the feet of Jesus, worshipingRead MoreJesus Christ And The Coming Of The Spirit Essay5984 Words   |  24 PagesIntroduction Recognizing the critical consequence of pneumatology as it pertains to biblical studies, Luke’s historical account of the supernatural â€Å"coming of the Spirit† as described in Acts, will be analyzed to understand what exactly happened on the day of Pentecost as it relates to the prophesied roles and identity of the Holy Spirit. The international audience that was present on the day of Pentecost certainly performed a strategic and empowering role as newly commissioned messengers in theRead MoreA Study of Parables Taken From Lukes Gospel Essay4604 Words   |  19 PagesA Study of Parables Taken From Lukes Gospel This coursework is about parables taken from Lukes Gospel. I plan to investigate different areas of parables. Starting from what the term parable mean. Then I will move my studies to discussing the meaning and relevance of parables to Christians today. From there I will focus my work on debating about whether parables are still relevant today. GCSE Religious Coursework Question ai - what is meant by the term parableRead MoreMiracles Essay3296 Words   |  14 Pageswhen Jesus was alive; The Old Testament shows they happened before his time and still take place today. In Lukes Gospel, the miracles that Jesus performed were significant events taking place through, what appears to be Gods power to save and resulting in something astonishing to marvel at. It is rarely suggested that Jesus performed magic or violated the laws of nature for evil purposes. So are miracles things which we consider impossible such as a person who has beenRead MoreBook Review on Transforming Mission4544 Words   |  19 Pagesintends to analyze the writings of David J. Bosch in his book entitled â€Å"TRANSFORMING MISSION Paradigm Shifts in Theology of Mission:† This book review shall be presented in four (4) parts. First, is an introduction and a statement of the author’s intention for writing the book; secondly, a summary shall be presented about the major insights presented in this book. Thirdly, I shall present some comments and reactions that I had about the author and his writings. Last is the concluding part where I shall

The Service Oriented Architecture

Question: Review the service oriented architecture and web service implementation technologies including strengths and weaknesses in terms of suitability for the given problem. Answer: Service-oriented Architecture Creating a website and assembling a site with legitimate outline structure remains not equivalent. Execution of the site utilizing service side scripting language like active service server pages is a simple matter (Alodib and Bordbar, 2012). Nonetheless, this process is not the proper technique or method for creating or designing any website or web based application. Here are few quantities of establishments, code and components are available which are available for making a viable and alluring business arrangement website (Blokdijk, 2012). To start a project of website designing, the web developer need to consider few things such as the structure of the website, layout of the website which is mention by the business organization. Service Oriented Architecture is a proper answer for utilize legacy frameworks, incorporation, extension and all over, deployment in business forms. In spite of the fact that SOA is still in its newborn child stages (Huang and Yan, 2012). It has been supported by a methodology for building frameworks that improve IT organization capacity to proficiently and successfully react to the quickly changing business environment and empowers associations to respond to these adjustments in a convenient way (Sun Pei-Ran, 2012). This architectural planning has pulled in important consideration among data innovation specialists because of its capability to address arrangement of IT with business prerequisites. Present methodologies in extensive companies coordination, looking for rearranged procedures are determined by the development of the Service Oriented Architectures, which are centered on an engineering style to plan applications based on a gathering of best practices, standards, interfaces, and designs identified with the central idea of administrations (V and Baskaran, 2012). Since SOA is a kind of extensive business construction modeling, it starts with the necessities of the undertaking. Nonetheless, the contrast in the middle of SOA and different ways to deal with large companies structural architecture is in the company spryness as a capacity to react rapidly and productively to change for an upper hand (Alodib and Bordbar, 2012). In this case, the web developer using many kinds of programming language. These programming languages are ASP.Net, C#, SQL server, web matrix. The ASP.Net is the server side scripting language. The developer uses the C# for the structural binding of t he website. This website designing is based on the service-oriented architecture (Blokdijk, 2012). The SQL server is for the database and storing purpose. The banking software system is using for banking transaction purpose. Which will help the customers to create the account, conduct a transaction in anytime from anywhere via the internet (Sun Pei-Ran, 2012). The customers can view their account details and manage their account details. These are the main features of this proposed design. Sequence Diagram References Alodib, M. and Bordbar, B. (2012). A modelling approach to Service oriented Architecture for on-line diagnosis. SOCA, 6(4), pp.303-319. Blokdijk, G. (2012). SOA 100 Success Secrets - Service Oriented Architecture The Guide to SOA Concepts, Technology, Design, Definitions and Architecture. Dayboro: Emereo Publishing. HUANG, F. and YAN, L. (2012). A Tax Administration WebGIS System Based on Service-Oriented Architecture. Geo-information Science, 14(2), pp.209-216. Sun Pei-Ran, (2012). Radio frequency identification (RFID) middleware service based on service-oriented architecture. Afr. J. Bus. Manage., 6(6). V, R. and Baskaran, R. (2012). A Compendium on Service Oriented Architecture and Service Level Agreements. International Journal of Computer Applications, 40(1), pp.13-17.

The American War of Independence free essay sample

The war ended with the Peace of Paris Nil 763 when France gave up Its lain to Canada and to all of North America and east of the Mississippi River. In 1765 the English Parliament passed another new law called the Stamp Act. It was intended to raise money to pay the defense of the colonies. It said that the colonies had to buy special tax stamps and attach them to newspapers, licenses and legal papers. Representatives from 9 colonies formed the Stamp Act Congress. They demanded representatives In the Brothels Parliament-No taxation without representation- became their demand.The Boston Tea Party was a direct action by colonists in Boston against he British government. On Deck. 16, 1 773 after officially in Boston refused to return 3 shiploads of taxed tea to Britain a group of colonists, disguised themselves as Meridians, loaded the ships and destroyed the tea by throwing it into Boston Harbor. In 1774, British warship took up position at the mouth of Boston Harbor to close It. We will write a custom essay sample on The American War of Independence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A few months later a group of colonial leaders came together In Philadelphia and formed the 1 Continental Congress to oppose British oppression.Fighting for independence On the night of April 8, 1775, British soldiers marched silently out of Boston to story weapons and ammunition that rebellions colonists had stored in Concord. But in the village of Lexington, 70 minutemen (members of the colonial partisan militia) were gathered to stop them. The 1st shot had been hired In the Americas War of Independence. In May, 1775 a 2nd Continental congress met In Philadelphia and set up an army of 17. 000 men under the command of George Washington. On July 4, it ensured the declaration of independence.The Declaration of Independence is the most important document in the American history. It was written by Thomas Jefferson. It claimed that all men had a natural right to life, living and the pursuit of happiness. It also said that governments can only justly claim the right to rule if they have the agreement of those they govern the consent of the governed. Jefferson combined John Locks Ideas with their own experience of life In America to produce a new definition of democratic government. This new definition said that governments should consist of representatives elected by the people.It also said that the main season that governments existed was to protect the rights of individual citizens. Washingtons army wasnt an effective fighting force, because few of the men had any military training. Success began to come to the Americans in Cot. 1777, when they trapped almost 6000 men of the British army at Saratoga, when the British French king Louis XVI signed an alliance with the Americans and sent French ships, soldiers and money to help them. In Swept. 1781 George Washington was heading a combined American and French army, which surrounded 8000 British troops atYorktown. On Cot. 17, 1781, General Cornwallis (British Army officer) surrendered his army to Washington. In the Treaty of Paris, which was signed in September 1783, Britain officially recognized her former colonies as an independent nation. The new republics first senate, House of Representatives, and president- George Washington took office in 1789. The Bill of Rights guaranteeing a range of legal protections was adopted in 1791. Years of Growth After 1783 more and more people set off for the new territories between theAppalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River that the Treaty of Paris had granted to the US. Meridians, who already lived on these lands saw the settlers as thieves who had come to steal their hunting grounds and made fierce attacks on them. In 1830 the US government passed a law called the Indian Removal Act. The law said that all Indians living east of the Mississippi River would be moved west. The Cherokees were driven from their homes and forced to march hundreds of miles on the so called Trail of Tears. By the time it was over 4000 of the Meridians were dead.

Western Lowland Gorilla Facts

Western Lowland Gorilla Facts The western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) is one of two subspecies of western gorillas The other subspecies is the Cross River gorilla. Of the two subspecies, the western lowland gorilla is more numerous. Its also the only subspecies of gorilla kept in zoos, with few exceptions. Fast Facts: Western Lowland Gorilla Scientific Name: Gorilla gorilla gorillaDistinguishing Features: Relatively small gorilla with dark brownish black hair and large skull. Mature males have white hair on their backs.Average Size: 68 to 227 kg (150 to 500 lb); males about twice the size of femalesDiet: HerbivorousLife Span: 35 yearsHabitat: Western sub-Saharan AfricaConservation Status: Critically EndangeredKingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: MammaliaOrder: PrimatesFamily: HominidaeFun Fact: The western lowland gorilla is the only subspecies kept in zoos, with very rare exceptions. Description Gorillas are the largest apes, but western lowland gorillas are the smallest gorillas. Males are considerably larger than females. An adult male weighs between 136 and 227 kg (300 to 500 lbs) and stands up to 1.8 m (6 ft) tall. Females weigh between 68 and 90 kg (150 to 200 lb) and stand around 1.4 m (4.5 ft) tall. The western lowland gorilla has a larger, wider skull than a mountain gorilla and dark brownish black hair. Young gorillas have a small white rump patch until they are about four years old. Mature males are called silverback males because they have a saddle of white hair across their backs and extending onto the rump and thighs. Western lowland gorillas, like other primates, have unique fingerprints and nose prints. Distribution As their common name suggests, western lowland gorillas live in western Africa at low elevations ranging from sea level to 1300 meters. They inhabit rain forests and forested areas of swamps, rivers, and fields. Most of the population lives in the Republic of the Congo. The gorillas also occur in Cameroon, Angola, Congo, Gabon, Central African Republic, and Equatorial Guinea. Gorilla species distribution. Fobos92 Diet and Predators Western lowland gorillas are herbivores. They preferentially select fruit that is high in sugar and fiber. However, when fruit is scarce, they eat leaves, shoots, herbs, and bark. An adult gorilla eats about 18 kg (40 lb) of food per day. The gorillas only natural predator is the leopard. Otherwise, only humans hunt gorillas. Social Structure The gorillas live in groups of one to 30 gorillas, usually averaging between 4 and 8 members. One or more adult males lead the group. A group stays within a home range of 8 to 45 square kilometers. Western lowland gorillas are not territorial and their ranges overlap. The lead silverback organizes eating, resting, and traveling. While a male may make an aggressive display when challenged, gorillas are generally nonaggressive. Females engage in sexual behavior even when they are non-fertile to compete with other females. Young gorillas spend their time playing, much like human children. Reproduction and Life Cycle The reproductive rate of western lowland gorillas is very low. In part, this is because females dont reach sexual maturity until age 8 or 9 and dont reproduce when caring for young. As in humans, gorilla gestation lasts about nine months. A female gives birth to one infant. An infant rides on its mothers back and depends on her until it is about five years old. Occasionally, a male commits infanticide to gain a opportunity to mate with its mother. In the wild, a western lowland gorilla may live 35 years. Females care for young until they are around five years of age. Willis Chung / Getty Images Conservation Status and Threats The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists the western gorilla as critically endangered, which is the last category before global extinction in the wild. Only about 250 to 300 of the Cross River gorilla species are believed to remain, while estimates place the number of western lowland gorillas around 300,000 in 2018. While this may seem like a relatively large number of gorillas, the population size continues to dwindle and the animals face serious threats. Challenges facing the western lowland gorilla include deforestation; loss of habitat to human encroachment for settlements, farming, and grazing; climate change; slow reproductive rate coupled with infertility; and poaching for trophies, folk medicine, and bushmeat. Disease may pose an even greater threat to gorillas than other factors. Western lowland gorillas are one of the zoonotic origin of HIV/AIDs, which infects gorillas in a similar fashion as it does humans. Gorillas suffered over 90% mortality from an Ebola epizootic in 2003 to 2004 that killed two-thirds of the species population. Gorillas are also infected with malaria. While the outlook for wild western lowland gorillas appears grim, the species acts as a seed disperser, making it key to the survival of many other species in its habitat. Worldwide, zoos maintain a population of about 550 western lowland gorillas. Sources Darc, Mirela; Ayouba, Ahidjo; Esteban, Amandine; Learn, Gerald H.; Bouà ©, Vanina; Liegeois, Florian; Etienne, Lucie; Tagg, Nikki; Leendertz, Fabian H. (2015). Origin of the HIV-1 group O epidemic in western lowland gorillas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (11): E1343–E1352. doi:10.1073/pnas.1502022112Haurez, B.; Petre, C. Doucet, J. (2013). Impacts of logging and hunting on western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) populations and consequences for forest regeneration. A review. Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Socià ©tà © et Environnement. 17 (2): 364–372.Mace, G.M. (1990). Birth Sex Ratio and Infant Mortality Rates in Captive Western Lowland Gorillas. Folia Primatologica. 55 (3–4): 156. doi:10.1159/000156511Maisels, F., Strindberg, S., Breuer, T., Greer, D., Jeffery, K. Stokes, E.  (2018).  Gorilla gorilla ssp. gorilla  (amended version of 2016 assessment).  The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species  2018: e.T9406A136251508.   doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T9406A136251508.en Rogers, M. Elizabeth; Abernethy, Kate; Bermejo, Magdalena; Cipolletta, Chloe; Doran, Diane; Mcfarland, Kelley; Nishihara, Tomoaki; Remis, Melissa; Tutin, Caroline E.G. (2004). Western gorilla diet: A synthesis from six sites. American Journal of Primatology. 64 (2): 173–192. doi:10.1002/ajp.20071

12 Years a Slave. Solomon Northup

12 Years a Slave. Solomon Northup Free Online Research Papers In 1841, criminals seduced a free black New Yorker named Solomon Northup into slave territory by the promise of a job. There, they illegally sold him as a slave. When he protested to the slave dealer that he was free, the dealer beat him. He would learn not to assert his freedom, but over the next twelve years he attempted to free himself on several occasions, all which failed until the last, successful effort. (1-40) Solomon Northup first tries to escape while on board a ship that was sailing to a New Orleans slave market. Solomon and his two new acquaintances Arthur and Robert, plan to take over the ship and sail north. Solomon, Arthur, and Robert were to hide under another smaller boat that was on deck and to carry out their plan at night. Solomon and Arthur were going to sneak into the captain’s cabin and steal the pistols while Robert stood guard outside the door with a club. Unfortunately, they were unable to carry out their plans because Robert fell ill, and died of smallpox within a few days. (44-46) Next, Solomon was helping to build a cotton press when John Tibeats, who did not like Solomon from past experiences, critiqued everything he did, even though it was right. John Tibeats grew very angry and approached Solomon with a hatchet swearing he will kill him with it. Solomon and John Tibeats struggled a while and eventually Solomon was able to take the hatchet away from him. Then John Tibeats again tried to attack him with a stick and again Solomon was able to take control of the situation. While he struggled with Tibeats, Solomon or â€Å"Platt† considered killing him but then decided that he would severely beaten or maybe even killed as well, because he would be found guilty in the courts. Platt decided to run away to his former master’s house, that of William Ford. While trying to escape, John Tibeats and a pack of dogs chased him all day through the woods and marshes as Solomon ran for his life. Northup finally lost his enemies when we crossed the swamp , because the dogs were no longer able to track his scent over the water. Slaves were not taught how to swim, but growing up a free man, Solomon Northup loved to swim, and that ability saved his life. After days of crossing the wilderness and the swamps, Solomon met a white man and a slave on the road, and received directions from them to William Ford’s plantation. Northup arrived to the Ford’s plantation and they took him in and protected him from John Tibeats, because Ford still owned part of Solomon. If Tibeats were to hurt or kill Northup, Ford would lose his property, Solomon, or his value could drop. A few days later Solomon was rented to Randal Eldret by William Ford to work for him. (98-113) A few weeks later, Solomon Northup attempted to escape by persuading a ship captain to let him hide on board his ship that was headed north. Northup’s ability to play the violin gave him the opportunity to travel to other places and make more money then most other slaves. When Solomon went to Centreville, which is a port city on the Mississippi River, he asked the captain of a steamer to allow him to hide within his freight and sail north with him, and would pay him everything he had. The captain pitied Solomon and wanted to help him, but it was too risky for the captain because if he were caught he could have been killed or put in jail for helping runaway slaves because they are some else’s property, so he denied Northup’s offer. (149-150) Finally, Solomon met his master’s, Edwin Epps, friend Samuel Bass and Solomon finally found someone he could trust and possibly help him escape. Samuel Bass opposed slavery and thought that no man should have the right to own another man because he thought it was morally wrong. Solomon eventually told Samuel Bass his true life story and Bass was appalled by it. He felt bad for Solomon because he disagreed with slavery, so he vowed to help him gain his freedom. Samuel Bass agreed to send letters to Saratoga, which is where Solomon’s family resided, but there was never a response to the letters. A few months later, Bass again was able to get into contact with Solomon and told him that he would be going to Saratoga on his way to Canada, his homeland. Solomon gave him the names of his family and friends and Bass told him he would again send letters for him. A few months after Samuel Bass sent out the letters, Solomon was working in the fields and was approached by two men in a carriage. Solomon realized who they were and knew they were there to grant him his freedom. After proving to the men, the sheriff and Henry Northup, that he was Solomon Northup and he was free, they granted him his freedom. (204-242) Solomon Northup was a free man but was never allowed to admit to it and feared running away because of the consequences. The first time Solomon argued that he was kidnapped and was free, he was almost beaten to death and threatened that if he ever again admitted to that, he would be beaten worse or even killed. That fear that was inflicted into him was the reason Northup never told anyone his real life story. Another reason Solomon never tried to escape north was because every white man in the South had the right to stop and ask him where his freedom papers were, and if he did not have any, then the white man had the right to take him to jail. If a runaway slave was ever found or returned to their master’s, the punishment was almost too harsh to survive. In addition to the fear of being severely punished, most slaves did not know the exact route to the North and to freedom. Solomon experienced both freedom and slavery, and two completely different worlds of them. Northup hated slavery and periodically expresses his negative attitude towards it. Northup describes his first ever beating to the burning pains and agonies of hell. (25) Solomon describes his master, Edwin Epps, coming home intoxicated and whipping slaves for fun and making them play instrument and dance after a hard days work. (136-138) Another incident occurred when Solomon was ordered to beat another slave, which he did at least forty times. Edwin Epps was still not satisfied, but Solomon disobeyed his master and threw down then whip. Edwin Epps picked up the whip and beat her until she no longer moved and was on the edge of dying. After Solomon witnessed the beating, he said â€Å"Thou devil, sooner or later, somewhere in the course of eternal justice, thou shalt answer for this sin!† (197) Not all white men felt the same way towards slavery as did most of Solomon Northupâ₠¬â„¢s masters. Some white men, from the North and South, disagreed with slavery and thought that all slaves should be set free because no man should have the right to own another man and wanted to help free them, like Samuel Bass. Other white men helped free slaves because they felt it was their responsibility toward a son or family member of his family’s former slave, like Henry Northup. Research Papers on 12 Years a Slave. Solomon NorthupCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite Religion19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoTwilight of the UAWCapital PunishmentThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationBringing Democracy to AfricaThe Spring and AutumnArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Hip-Hop is Art

Design paragraphs Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Design paragraphs - Term Paper Example The use of related color harmony and specifically analogous scheme makes the setting outstanding people the viewer does not have to look for many colors to appreciate. Rather, there is only one dominating color for the viewer to appreciate. 2. There is the application of balance in the arrangement of the two portraits on the way. Basically, balance ensures that when given an imaginary line and a large object is placed near the line, there should be a small object placed at the edge and away from the line but where there are two objects of the same size as seen in the portraits, they should be put at the same distance away from the imaginary centre line. Again, there is repetition and this is seen in the designs in the sofa. This is because the designs in the sofa are the same and recurring. Finally there is the principle of harmony. This is seen in the colors of the glasses on the table. All the glasses are of the same color and of the same quality – glass. For this reason, th ey give a perfect harmony. 3. Gestalt’s principle of figure grouping is seen from the law of proximity, which makes use or emphasizes on grouping of objects. From the picture given, we see the application of Gestalt’s principle of figure grouping at work in the sense that the five chairs have been grouped together in a row. Apart from the row, there is no other place in the interior that chairs are seen. The hanging lights are also grouped and put together in a row. There is also the grouping of candles on the table and these are the three major grouping seen in the interior. 4. There is the application of the element of direction in the arrangement of steps, wall climb and stair holder. The directions of these items are oblique rather than horizontal or vertical. According to Lovett (1999), â€Å"oblique suggests movement and action.† Clearly, we see the three objects referred to suggesting movement. The staircase is for instance suggesting movement from down t o top. There is also the element of value. This is seen in the lightness and darkness of colors used. Generally, colors have been used in such a way that they do not give an overly bright implication but are generally light, suggesting calmness. Finally, there is the principle of dominance in the use of colors and texture. It is seen that there is the use of very few colors and these colors are dominating the entire design. The texture of the design is also smooth and this dominates all parts of the design. 5. The colour harmony used in this interior is triadic. According to Williams (2011), in triadic, â€Å"one makes an equidistant triangle on the color wheel and uses the three colors that land on each corner of the triangle.† From the interior, we see the combination of the colors violet and green. Whereas violet has been used on the chairs, green has been used as the flower design on the tables. With reference to the color wheel, violet and green form a triangle and this makes the colour harmony triadic. With reference to the color temperature, it can be said that the color temperatures are in harmony. This is because both violet and green are cool colors. 6. The most dominant principle of design seen in the stained glass ceiling is graduation. There is a graduation of both color and light. It can seen that the color and light produced is in an aerial perspective, moving from warm to cool. The warm color is the bright light at the apex of the glass arrangement whereas the cool

Critical Thinking Part 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical Thinking Part 4 - Assignment Example The authors clearly and openly recognize the subjects of the research, but have failed to indicate whether their Human Rights were protected. However, I feel that the subjects’ Human Rights were protected to prevent them against any exploitation or discrimination. Yes, the authors have acknowledged that they were given the permission to carry out this study which was approved by local university and hospital moral review committees. Also, the authors obtained informed consent from all the participants (Wilkins & Woodgate 458). In interpretive account, participants’ conscription focused on persons having the knowledge under study. In view of that, the insertion standards were as follows: cancer survivors who were out primary cancer diagnosis for 5 or more years, 19 years of age at the time of interview, taking residency in the region where the interviews were to be conducted, and fluent speakers of English. Research participants were conscripted from hospital based catalog and regional cancer registry. The regional cancer registry was consulted to exclude persons with malignant tumor diagnosis, second cancer diagnosis, amid others. Although the authors tell us that the participants were recruited, they have not indicated that the subjects received any money. There was no unseemly conflict of interest during recruitment. Most of the participants were from the vulnerable cancer survivors. Ideally, after one is diagnosed with cancer, the danger of developing a second cancer is an ingredient of day after day life. All the research subjects accounted that they had the full knowledge of their second cancer. Second cancer was expressed in terms of probable danger features for cancer, providing detailed information to the cancer survivors with a view to preparing them to conceptualize the theoretical nature of danger. This information forms the bulk of the argument that the subjects came from the vulnerable population (Wilks &

Israeli Wars from 1948 to Present Essay Example for Free

Israeli Wars from 1948 to Present Essay The 1948 War of Independence, which took place between November 1947 and July 1949, was started by a 6 month civil war between Jewish and Arab militias at the end of the British mandate of Palestine. This turned into a regular war after the declaration of Independence and the intervention of several Arab armies. The five surrounding Arab nations i. e. Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon with support from Saudi Arabia launched a coordinated attack on Israel from the land, sea and air. These countries were urged on by their leaders who assured them that they could return after all Jews had been driven out (Eisenberg 147). The Jews were, however, able to defeat Arab armies resulting in an armistice that was signed in 1949 signaling an end to the conflict. The Armistice agreements were signed between Israel, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. They established the armistice lines between Israel and the West Bank also known as the Green line. The Sinai War of 29th October 1956 involved a military attack on Egypt by Britain, France and Israel. Israeli troops invaded Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula and quickly overcame opposition as they raced for the Suez Canal. Britain and France offered to temporarily occupy the Canal Zone and suggested a 10 mile buffer on either side to separate Egyptian forces from the Israelis. Egyptian President Nasser objected and on 31st October 1956, Egypt was attacked by Britain and France. Consequently, the Soviet Union threatened to attack on Egypt’s behalf but it took the intervention of U. S. President Eisenhower to get them to agree to a ceasefire. The war itself lasted for only a week with invading forces withdrawn within a month. The Six Day War took place in June 1967. It was fought between June 5th and June 10th. The war was against Syria, Jordan and Egypt as Israel believed that it was only a matter of time before the three Arab states attacked her. After the 1956 crisis, the United Nations (UN) had established a military presence in the Middle East but in 1967, Egypt made it clear that the UN was unwanted in the region. Israel viewed this as a sign that Egypt was preparing to attack and rather than wait to be hit, they launched a hugely successful military campaign against its perceived enemies. Following the war, the territory held by Israel expanded significantly and it now included the West Bank, Sinai, the Golan Heights and Gaza. The War of Attrition was a limited war that was fought between Israel and Egypt from 1967 to 1970. This war was initiated by Egyptians as a way of recapturing the Sinai from the Israelis who had been in control of the territory since the Six Day War. The Egyptian President believed that Israel would be unable to endure the economic burden and casualties of war. To this end, he ordered calibrated attacks on Israel which would not provoke an all out Israeli war response. The hostilities ended when a ceasefire was signed between the countries in 1970 with frontiers remaining in the same place as when the war began. The Yom Kippur War of 1973 is so called as it began on the Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur), the holiest day of prayer and fasting in the Jewish calendar. This war is variously referred to as the October War. It started with a surprise Arab attack on Israel knowing that the military would be participating in religious celebrations. Israeli forces were initially overwhelmed but by October 8th, bolstered by reserves, they counter attacked in the Sinai. They managed to push back the Egyptian military. The United Nations organized a ceasefire on October 24th and in September 1975, Egypt and Israel signed an interim agreement. Still, there were no significant territorial changes. The First Lebanon War began on 6th June 1982 when Israeli forces invaded Southern Lebanon. The government launched military operations after an assassination attempt against Israel’s ambassador to the U. K. by a mercenary organization opposed to the PLO. Israel then attacked the PLO as well as Syrian and Muslim Lebanese forces before they occupied Southern Lebanon. The war ended after three years in 1985 when Israel stabilized in the safety strap lengthwise along the border. The Second Lebanon War was sparked when Hezbollah guerillas ambushed an Israeli patrol on the border on July 12 2006. Israel’s Prime Minister Ehud Olmert declared his intention to free the captives and remove Hezbollah from Southern Lebanon forever and thus began an ultimately inconclusive month long war. During the short conflict, Israel lost 119 soldiers and 43 civilians whilst Lebanese civilians bore the brunt of the war with more than 1000 killed. The UN Security Council unanimously approved UN Resolution 1701 on 11th August 2006 to end hostilities.

The Road Ahead By Bill Gates Essay -- essays research papers

In his book The Road Ahead, Bill Gates relates to a non-technical audience the history, growth, and future of technology. He discusses how the trends, technologies, and issues of the Information Age are affecting society. Gates makes predictions and gives advice on how to adapt and succeed in the future of incredible change in computing and communicating. His book is written with two major concerns: the development and future of technology, and its influence on society. Bill Gates begins by explaining how computers will be interconnected globally in what will be called the information superhighway. Of course the precursor to this network is the currently used Internet. The development and use of this interactive network is the main focus of the book. Gates uses the metaphor of the 'ultimate market'; to describe how all manner of human activity will take place in this market, with the medium of exchange being digital information of all kinds. Bill Gates states that the ability to change and manipulate information and the increasing speed at which is it handled places us at the beginning of an 'information revolution.'; Since almost all information in the future will be digital, conventional communication devices will be altered. As soon as the cost of communication drops and it is combined with other technological advances, Bill Gates predicts that the results of this interactive information will be like the effects of electricity. He also predicts t hat the house of the future will have one wire running into and out of it that will carry television, phone, or news information that will be sent to the appropriate device.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In his book Gates attempts to tell the history of the computer industry, but instead he tells about the development of Microsoft and his achievements while debasing his competitors. He recounts the history with a degree of arrogance and criticizes IBM for the mistakes it made, for example not buying thirty percent of Microsoft when given the opportunity, and for wasting time and money on the OS/2 and OfficeVision projects. Bill Gates speaks on Microsoft's success and, in a way, reaffirms customers that Microsoft will not raise its prices or stop innovation. The future success, he says, depends on innovation and improvement to stay ahead of competition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He dedicates a chapter to ap... ...gy, investment in education, regulation, and the balance between individual privacy and community security. The question of responsibility arises and some have suggested that communication companies should be made gatekeepers in charge of the filtering the content of what they carry. A rating system, like the one used for movies, could be implemented and parents could then restrict what rated sites their children visit through their web browser. Bill Gates refrains from using technical vernacular and explains all computer terminology as he discusses it, making it clear and easy for normal people to understand him. He is convinced that this new technology will 'enhance leisure time and enrich our culture by expanding the distribution of information.'; This, however, oversimplifies most issues and results in a dull, repetitive book for most experienced computer users. He succeeds in explaining his vision of the future and why he has chosen to switch Microsoft's focus to the Internet. Bill Gates optimistically looks ahead at the emerging tools of technology that will forever transform the way we buy, work, learn, socialize, and communicate and encourages us to help shape the future.

Sprained Ankle

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common injury in sports1,2,3,4,5. This is how almost all the articles started out. This is an injury I have seen over the past years as a player and coach. A player on my team this year suffered this injury during our basketball season and she was out for a few weeks. This really hurt our team since I only had 7 players on my team this year. This had me wondering if there was anything I could have done differently as a coach to prevent her injury since it was done during a drill. There are several ligaments surrounding the bones to form the ankle, which are the syndesmotic ligament, lateral collateral ligament, and medial collateral ligament.5 Lateral ankle sprains can occur in several different ways when playing sports. Players can step on another player or landing from a jump. From doing this research, I would like to find some different ways to treat ankle injuries and if there are different outcomes from these treatments. Methods To conduct my research, I used the resources from the Southern Utah University Online Library. I used the search engine to find peer reviewed articles. I was searching for articles about ankle sprains and treatment of those injuries. I searched for words such as, ankle injury, prevention, and treatment. I found several peer reviewed articles about ankle sprains and different methods of treatment. There was also an article that was very useful from the National Athletic Trainers' Association that had a lot of different topics of information that very helpful. Discussion Ankle sprains can occur through many different activities. It is the most common sports injury among athletes1,2,3,4,5. This injury happens because of a plantar flexion and inversion. 3 The ligaments that are affected by ankle sprains are the anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, and posterior talofibular ligament. 2 After an ankle injury occurs it must be determined what kind of sprain has happened. It can be classified as a grade I, grade II, or grade III with grade I being mild and grade III most severe. 2 When an ankle sprain occurs there can be inflammation of the ankle, loss of function, and instability. 1 There are different ways to diagnosis an ankle sprain such as range of motion, special tests, and MRI are just a few ways that an ankle sprain can be diagnosed. 2 There have been many different ways to treat ankle sprains. If not properly treated, ankle sprains can be reoccurring, 10-40% of people who have suffered from ankle sprains will have another sprain occur.6 Several different studies have been conducted to help with the treatment and rehabilitation of ankle sprains. Three different studies were used to help gain a better understanding about the treatment and rehabilitation of ankle injuries. In these studies, ankle taping, isometric testing and physical therapy were used to help with ankle injury recovery. In one study, ankle taping was used to see if it would reduce the â€Å"latency of the perneus longus and increase dynamic stabilization of the ankle† 4 pg. 54 Two groups were used, one group with no previous ankle injuries and another group who had suffered from a pervious ankle injury and the testing occurred over two days. 4 The leg that was being tested would either be taped or not depending on the trial. The foot would be inverted at 25 degrees. This was done for 10 trials and EMG was used to record the data. 4 After this study was conducted it showed that the ankle taping was helpful in providing more stability to the ankle compared to the ankle not being taped. 4 This shows that ankle taping can be a useful tool when trying to prevent the ankle from inversion. It also showed that it could be helpful for people who have had an ankle sprain and also for those who have not had an ankle injury. When thinking about injury prevention, someone who has not suffered from an ankle sprain might not think it is important to have his or her ankle taped. This was a good study to look at and see how this could be a beneficial tool to use for ankle injuries and how isometric training can be used help with rehabilitation after an injury. Treatment of ankle sprains is an important part of recovery so an athlete or any other person can go back to normal physical activities, whether it is sports or other activities. In another study, the rehabilitation after an ankle sprain was looked at using isometric testing. Two groups were used for this study and both groups had at home protocol that they completed.1 Each group had exercises to complete at home, an ankle brace to wear and cryotherapry to use after exercises. 1 Cryotherpary was used this treatment method 3-4 times a day for 15-20 minutes, this was done to help with pain and swelling and to reduce inflammation. 1 The use of isometric testing is used to help show how much inversion and eversion is affected. 1 The use of isometric training can be used to monitor the progress during treatment for ankle sprains and can also be used to help make programs for individualized for each athlete. 1 This study had patients completing a program where they completed different exercises at home and tests were also completed to check the progress of each person during their rehabilitation. Several different outcomes were measured such as pain, ankle circumference, lower extremity functional scale, square hop test, and isometric ankle testing. 1 These test are helpful when people are trying to recover from an ankle injury. The use of isometric testing is a good way to track progress and could possibility help with the recovery process to go quickly. Physical therapy can be a tool used to help with the recovery process of an ankle injury. The final study looked at physical therapy being a good way to help treat ankle injuries. Two groups were used in this study one group who received physical therapy and another group who did not. 5 The group who participation in the physical therapy program had improved results in pain reduction, dorsal and plantar flexion improved, and muscles were strengthen. 5 The use of physical therapy can be a beneficial way help someone who has suffered from an ankle injury recover more quickly. After reading these three studies about different ways to help the recovery and monitor progress of ankle injuries, there were some beneficial ideas. The main one is that physical therapy or at home exercises can help with the healing process. Also, each athlete or patient should have an individualized program for recovery. This can help aid in the recovery of an athlete from their injury and return to play more quickly. There are a few limitations from these studies as well and more research should be conducted. In the study with physical therapy used the sample size for each group was very small with only three patients in each group. 5 Facilities or equipment used should also be looked at. Isometric testing is a great way test patients and come up with individualized programs but could be very expensive or obtain this type of testing depending on what is available to each program. Prevention of injuries is important for keeping athletes playing and taking time away from their sports season. In the article from the National Athletic Trainers' Association, three different ideas were given for the prevention of ankle injuries. The first suggestion is a prevention program for athletes for three months. 2 This type of program would include exercises that would help balance and neuromuscular control. 2 For athletes who have suffered an ankle injury previously might feel better if they train to help prevent their injury. They might even feel a sense of security by training. Another prevention measure is increasing strength in the leg and hips. 2 Finally, dorsiflexion range of motion could also be trained, if it is limited. 2 Knowing if an athlete has suffered from an ankle injury and ways to help strengthen the ankle and leg could prevent another injury. An athlete should take any preventive measure decrease their chances of suffering from an injury. Once an athlete has recovered from an injury, there is always a question of when they should return to play. There is a physical and mental part of returning to play. For an athlete, there is mental part of coming back from an injury. They might have feelings of nervousness to play because of risk of getting injured again. Before an athlete can return to play there should be a physical examination done by the athletic trainer. The trainer could complete different tests to check for the readiness of a player to return to games or practices. According to the National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement, tests such as single-legged hop and Star Excursion Balance Test could be used to measure an athletes' injured leg.2 The athlete should be at 80% functional performance. 2 Athletes should also consider wearing ankle braces or taping for extra support during practices and games. 2 Each athlete should be looked at individually when returning to play and should be ready both physically and mentally to come back. One controversy that one mentioned for ankle sprains was the use of different types of shoes. According to one article,2 there have been studies conducted about low-top and high-top shoes. In basketball, players might wear high-top shoes but in sports like football low-top shoes could be worn. There have been studies done with conflicting results if you wear low-top or high-top shoes with ankle stabilizers could help prevent ankle sprains.2 Some studies showed that high-top shoes and ankle taping was more helpful in preventing ankle injuries.2 While another study showed that wearing low-top shoes with ankle braces was more helpful in preventing ankle injuries.2 I found this interesting that shoes could make a difference if they were low-top or high-top. Future research results on this topic would be interesting to see if there is a certain type of footwear that could help prevent ankle injuries and if there could be one consensus about this topic. Conclusion In conclusion, athletes in all sports see this injury too often. From conducting this research, I learned a lot about ankle injuries, which I have also seen during my time as a coach and player. I have learned about the different methods to treat this injury and the use of different techniques and exercises. I hope to take away some ideas about prevention of this injury with the use of different exercises that can be used. Ankle taping and ankle braces could also be a good way to help support the ankle after an injury. It is important for coaches and players to learn about this injury and the different ways to prevent and recovery from this injury if it does occur. References Gediminas T, Aleksandras K, Lankaite D. Isometric eversion and inversion testing after acute ankle sprains. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. 2014;57. doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2014.03.978.Kaminski TW, Hertel J, Amendola N, et al. National Athletic Trainers Association Position Statement: Conservative Management and Prevention of Ankle Sprains in Athletes. Journal of Athletic Training. 2013;48(4):528-545. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-48.4.02.Kernozek T, Durall CJ, Friske A, Mussallem M. Ankle Bracing, Plantar-Flexion Angle, and Ankle Muscle Latencies During Inversion Stress in Healthy Participants. Journal of Athletic Training. 2008;43(1):37-43. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-43.1.37.Knight AC, Weimar WH. Effects of previous lateral ankle sprain and taping on the latency of the peroneus longus. Sports Biomechanics. 2012;11(1):48-56. doi:10.1080/14763141.2011.637121.Popa C-E. The Effectiveness of Physical Therapy Methods and Techniques in Treating Post-Immobilization Ankle Sprains. Gymnasium. 2017;XVIII(2):19. doi:10.29081/gsjesh.2017.18.2.02.Vries JSD, Kingma I, Blankevoort L, Dijk CNV. Difference in balance measures between patients with chronic ankle instability and patients after an acute ankle inversion trauma. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2010;18(5):601-606. doi:10.1007/s00167-010-1097-1.

Laws of Manu vs Code of Hammurabi Essay

The Laws of Manu and The Code of Hammurabi were both discovered documents of two different ancient civilizations. These documents basically told the people of the civilizations what is expected of them and what will happen if they don’t follow them. The Laws of Manu were the laws made for the people of India while the Code of Hammurabi were the laws made for the people of Babylon. Both the Laws of Manu and the Code of Hammurabi concentrated a majority on the aspects of marriage, family, and laws of the land. In my opinion, The Code of Hammurabi was harsher than The Laws of Manu. The Code of Hammurabi was for all the people no matter what class they were classified in, even though slaves and women were mostly treated like property in all places at this time. The Code of Hammurabi was also made more as what is morally right and to help maintain order in the civilizations; while the Laws of Manu were made more on the religious side and to promise the people eternal life if they followed these laws. The Code of Hammurabi gave more of an â€Å"if you don’t follow these rules you will just die† tone to it. The Code of Hammurabi was also straight forward and to the point, while the Laws of Manu gave more detail. In the Laws of Manu they get in more depth of every aspect of people’s lives. In chapter two, number 57, it states, â€Å"excessive eating is prejudicial to health, to fame, and to bliss in heaven; it prevents the acquisition of spiritual merit, and is odious among men; one ought, for the reasons, to avoid carefully. † That’s telling people how much they should eat. The laws of Manu are basically telling people how to live their lives in every aspect and if you don’t you won’t have eternal life. The laws also have different rules based on what caste the people are categorized into; the higher the caste, the more privileges. In Chapter five, number 32 it states, â€Å"A Brahmana, having got rid of his body by one of those modes practiced the great sages is exalted in the world of Brahinan, free from sorrow and fear. † The laws promises if you obey these laws you will never feel any pain and just happiness. It also put all Brahmanas on a high pedestal and a lot of the laws do not apply to them. In Chapter 10, number 103, â€Å"By teaching, by sacrificing for, and by accepting gifts from despicable (men) Brahmanas (in distress) commit not sin, for they (are as pure) as fire and water. The Laws of Manu has more religious purpose behind it than, the Code of Hammurabi. The Code of Hammurabi was made more to put order in the Babylonian civilization and it also is more straight forward. Even though it has religious reasons and was made by a very religious man, it was still mostly made to keep order in the civilization. The Code of Hammurabi even addresses how much things can be bought and sold for. Number 239, â€Å"If a man hire a salor, he shall pay him six gur of corn per year†, another example is number 243, â€Å"As rent of heard cattle he shall pay three gur of corn to the owner. The Code of Hammurabi also has more of a revenge seeking tone to it. Just in number one is the perfect example for people to get revenge. â€Å"If any one enshare another, putting a ban upon him, but he cannot prove it, then he that ensured him shall be put to death. † Another example of revenge is number 218, â€Å"If an physician make a large incision with the operating knife, and cut out the eye, his hands shall be cut off. † This document for the most part was mostly a way to punish people or bring justice to the people. It also talks about going to court and having cases to justify situations, for example number five, â€Å"If a judge try a case, reach a decision, and present his judgment in writing; if later error shall appear in his decision, and it be through his own fault, then he shall pay twelve times the fine set by him in the case, and he shall be publicly removed from the judge’s bench, and never again shall be publicly removed from the judge’s bench, and never again shall he sit there to render judgment. † This also goes to show that The Hammurabi Code punished anybody from doctors and lawyers, to women and slaves, your social class did not matter. Surprisingly to me, they both had women rights in there as well. The Laws of Manu gave more freedom to women but yet the Code of Hammurabi gave women more protection. In number 130, â€Å"If a man violates the wife of another man, who has never known a man, and still lives in her father’s house, and sleeps with her and be surprised, this man shall be put to death, but his wife is blameless. In the Laws of Manu, chapter eight, number 364 it states â€Å"He who violates an unwilling maiden shall instantly suffer corporal punishment; but a man who enjoys a willing maiden shall not suffer corporal punishment, if his caste be the same as hers. Not only does that show justice for women but gave women freedom to have casual sex and from the context clues of the Code of Hammurabi, it was frown upon and not classy. Women still didn’t live independent in both civilizations. Also, in both civilizations women were under control by a man from birth to death. Before marriage it is her father, during marriage it is her husband, and at old age it is her son(s). In the Laws of Manu, Chapter nine, number 14, â€Å"Women do not care for beauty, nor is their attention fixed on age; (thinking), ‘(It is enough that) he is a man,’ they give themselves to the handsome and to the ugly. You can also tell that both societies take marriage and respect serious. Unlike in this day and time, the wife gets nothing if divorce is approved. In the Code of Hammurabi number 141, â€Å"If a man’s wife, who lives in his house, wishes to leave it, plunges into debt, tries to ruin her house, neglects her husband, and is judicially convicted: if her husband offer her release, she may go on her way, and he gives her nothing as a gift of release. If her husband does not wish to release her, and if he takes another wife, she shall remain as a servant in her husband’s house. In the Laws of Manu it shows that the Indian society did not have age limits on marriage. In chapter nine, number 94, â€Å" A man, aged thirty years, shall marry a maiden of twelve who pleases him, or a man of twenty-four a girl eight years of age; if (the performance of) his duties would (otherwise) be impeded, (he must marry) sooner. † Both documents were made to control people and both wer e harsh compared to what we know and live today. They both inform us of how life was back then and how time changes. Some things are still used in today’s societies, like the how women should always remain classy. In the Laws of Manu it states in chapter nine, number 13, â€Å"Drinking (spirituous liquor), associating with wicked people, separation from the husband, rambling abroad, sleeping (at unseasonable hours), and dwelling in other men’s houses, are the six causes of the ruin of women. Also in the Code of Hammurabi, number 110, â€Å"If a sister of a god open a tavern, or enter a tavern to drink, then shall this woman be burned to death. † Even though they are from different places they still have the same concept and purposes.

You Need an Audience

You Need an Audience Some of you will frown reading that headline, because in every aspect of your writing life, to be considered successful, you need an audience. And we hate that part of our profession: Platform. That doesnt mean you need 10,000 Twitter fans, 15,000 Facebook followers, 40,000 newsletter readers or 50,000 unique visitors to your blog, so dont get all bothered If you think a hundred or a thousand is out of your reach, then ponder what and who youre writing for. If its friends and family, then dont bother with all the hoopla of a publisher, Amazon, ISBNs or any professional needs of a book. Write your blog for loved ones only and quit looking at the statistics. Write for free in magazines that pay in copies. Otherwise, you need a fan base. One thousand people who would walk through hell for you and drag others along with them. How do you do that? 1) Show up to work each and every day. Fans dont want helter-skelter idols. They want the person to be there when THEY show up. If you skip days, you lose ground, and your fans will find someone more reliable. Post somewhere. Write something. Dont let the gears get rusty. 2) Produce each and every day. Whatever you write, tap into it daily. If you are writing a long project, then work at social media, write short pieces, or freelance in periodicals. But write like you eat, brush your teeth, and change your underwear. Make it that ingrained in your mental and physical existence. 3) Respond without exception. When a reader messages you on Facebook, sends a Tweet, emails or comments on your blog, respond. Put effort into the reply. Respect that person for taking the time. A well-worded reply can buy a fan for years, and if youre attentive enough, that fan will tell the story to dozens. 4) Avoid confrontation. You are writing for these people. You have messages to deliver and stories to tell. Dont pick a fight. Let others have their opinions. Be attentive to their needs, and theyll be attentive to yours.

10 Ways To Reduce Stress At Work

10 Ways To Reduce Stress At Work Workplace stress can be so prevalent that it begins to feel like just another part of your job. But this can lead to many long-term ill-effects on both your career and your health. Short of quitting your job for a less stressful one, however, there are a few strategies you can employ to tone down the work stress in your current job. Here are a few great methods  for reducing your stress at work.1. Act, don’t react.If you’re constantly reacting, you’re not doing your best work- and you’re not carefully considering situations as they come at you. Stay in control by stopping before acting and taking a moment to assess and properly strategize. The more you practice this, the less the stress hormone reaction will kick in each time something new gets dropped in your lap.2. Don’t forget to breathe.When you’re stressed, chances are you forget to breathe more often than not. Take a minute or two out of every hour- or after stressful meetings- to mak e sure you get a few deep breaths. Inhale, hold, exhale, hold. Repeat. Three minutes of this can make you feel as calm as if you’d just taken an hour long yoga class.3. Sit up straight.Your posture can actually impact how well you do on the job. De-clutter your workspace and make sure you have enough space to sit up rather than slump over your laptop or your phone. You’d be amazed how much more powerful and capable you’ll feel.4. Get organized.Once you de-clutter your space, do the same for your project lists and your email inbox. Keep things neat and you’ll feel much more nimble when it comes to decision making. Group your papers and projects into action types- â€Å"call back,† â€Å"file,† â€Å"send out,† or â€Å" complete.†5. Make realizable goals.If you set goals for yourself that are too unreasonable, you’ll find you never quite meet them- and you’ll start to feel rather discouraged when you keep failing t o get things done.6. Eliminate interruptions.The worst thing for your productivity is a constant barrage of interruptions. Interruptions are inevitable, and you can’t let them get to you. But you can try and minimize them. If you have a really important project to work on, try turning the ringer off on your phone, and notifications off on your email- even if just for a few hour-long stretches at a time.7. Set a daily schedule.At the beginning of your day, or the end of the day before, come up with a rough schedule for how you will go about tackling your tasks. Don’t forget to block out chunks of time for intense concentration to get your productivity score up, as well as breaks for refreshing yourself, and time to sort through minor administrative tasks as they come up.8. Take care of yourself.Don’t underestimate the power of plentiful sleep and healthy eating, both on your wellbeing and your productivity. Eating crap and not getting enough sleep will only make you more tired, sluggish, and stressed at the lack of your own output.9. Don’t self-impose stress.Fair enough, plenty of your stress is external. But there may be stresses that you’re imposing on yourself- and needlessly. Make sure you’re not too caught up in others’ perceptions of you. Shift your focus off of others and do your own work, as calmly and measuredly as you can.10. Prioritize wisely.Not everything can be a red-hot urgent priority. Have a think about which of your â€Å"top priorities† are actually top priorities, then tackle those. Learning to realize that not all projects and crises have equal weight is a great step towards maturity and minimizing stress.

Augustine's and Aquina's Justification of the exercise of social and Essay

Augustine's and Aquina's Justification of the exercise of social and political ruling - Essay Example Though the god has created both but they have different wills and desires (Book XII ). Thomas Aquinas was born in southern Italy in 1225. He was greatly influenced by Aristotle whom he called, the Philosopher. He began his main socio- political work, Summa theologie in 1266. Aquinas, though never contradictory to Augustine, presented a soft and optimistic view of human governance of its affairs. Clearly Influenced by Aristotle's philosophy Aquinas attempted recovery of Aristotle in the west. He has presented a milder and more optimistic theory which does not show intolerance of Augustine's stringent unworthiness of the worldly affairs. Aquinas did not find anything wrong with the Aristotle's humane, rational and ordered world. For him the interest of this world and the next can coexist and it is the duty of every individual to make best of the both these worlds. He respects Augustine's other world or heaven but do not find anything inappropriate in attaining this world's goods and achieving that world's bounties as and when time comes. He, however, emphasized that the meaningful existence in the former should lead to get entry in the latter. More than once the reader is forced to analyze Aquinas' effort stating forcefully as to why one should abandon the present living and think of divine and also his treatment to duty and philosophy as separate entities. Aquinas is highly inspired by Aristotle's famous maxim 'men is by nature a political animal' or Man is a social and political animal (4-6). The simple and comparative explanation clarifies Aquinas' thinking Animals are provided for their defense and food by the nature while man is not. Animals have thick and dense hairs to withstand harsh weather. Animals also have claws, long and sharp teeth to scare away or destroy their enemies. The food for survival is available in plenty for animals. Man lacks these facilities in him but is given power to reason to get these for his existence. But for that the man has to live in companionship with other fellow human. The communication and reason enable man to live in a society with others of his tribe. Augustine's neoplatinism does not believe in earthly politics. His duty is to please the divine and be a citizen of heavenly city. He stated that rules of such a society viz. prohibition and command are counterproductive since these increase desire to break the ru le and indulged in sinful deeds (City of God, XIII:6). Augustine elaborated that social structure or governance may be indispensable to the well being but not for preservation, of members of society, nevertheless, it was hardly a noble phenomenon or an appropriate object of devotion. According to Augustine the governance led to increase in selfish interest and blocked the vision to attain true and greater good e.g. salvation to the city of god. Aquinas favors governance that since a societal living is necessary for orderly existence there should be some management or governance of society. Augustine also contradicts Aquinas views on society of men and its collective efforts to own nature's free bounties or snatch these from animals by using his ability to reason and communicate. He prefers that it should be equally available to man and animal and whosoever gets it first should be allowed to have judiciously since that is divine law. Augustine's views show extreme disliking

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Case Study Example The total numbers of the reserves that it can recover are estimated to be at three hundred and seven million tons of oil and the natural gas was estimates are approximately four hundred and eight five billions cubic meters (Exxon Neftegas Limited). The execution and development of this project have been motivated with the application and use of advance construction methods and technologies. Moreover, the application of such technologies and construction methods have led to reduced cost of operation for the general project development and as well led to minimized negative environmental impacts. Additionally, the project has managed to overcome most of its technical and environmental challenges; thus, meeting its set goals and objectives through application of the newly introduced technologies. Furthermore, the committed management team has successful transformed the project’s goals and objective into the success of the project through their committed submission to the project. However, the project has been faced with numerous challenges including complex regulatory rules, limited infrastructure, difficult logistics, and unskilled labor. Nonetheless, the management proper application of its efficient plans especially alon g the new technologies has led to successful completion of the project’s first phase (Exxon Neftegas Limited). The Sakhalin project is one of the largest foreign direct investments that are found in Russia. It had the objective of fulfilling the ever-growing energy demands in Russia and other parts of the world. The project managed to fulfill this objective or its aim since it produces and supply energy for both domestic consumption in Russia and exporting some of its energy to northeast Asia. Moreover, it helped Russia to consolidate its strategic position regarding the supply of energy in other parts of the world. In other words, the project made Russia to be a world energy supplier and be

Liberal Art Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Liberal Art Studies - Essay Example Plunkitt would agree that there was such a thing as an honest profit and a dishonest profit. If political party, State, and personal interests stand to gain an advantage, he would see such a venture as something that was as justifiable and therefore being an honest profit. On the other hand, he would see stealing from others as dishonest profit and would condemn such an action. In other words, he may justify â€Å"a little† corruption as long as it doesn’t amount to stealing from others and as long as it benefits the State as well as himself. From a business perspective, Plunkitt does seem to have the dynamics of organizational behavior right. Buying something for a low price and selling it for a higher price is the essence of business, and Plunkitt’s views were in line with this sentiment. For him, corruption means actually stealing from others, while trying to make a profit is not corrupt at all. Plunkitt also believed in seeing opportunities and taking them and realized that who you know is more important than what you know. Both of these concepts are widely seen as accurate in the business

Helping the Environment Essay Example for Free

Helping the Environment Essay Trees are very important to humans. As part of the environment, we must. More and more trees are being cut to sustain the needs for products such as paper. Making small ways to help the environment is important to make a difference. As a hypothesis, I presume that preventing the use of paper towels and napkins that are made from trees can help the environment. The use of cloth as napkins paper instead of those made of paper at homes, restaurants and other places have significant contributions to the demand of paper products. Paper towels and napkins are disposable products made of paper. It serves the same general purposes as conventional towels, such as drying hands, wiping windows and dusting. However, cloth and rugs and ordinary towels can serve the same purpose. It is also more durable. It will wiser to use cloth instead of paper napkins since it is cheaper to use because cloth can be washed and used again. . If you replace the majority of paper towels and napkins with cloth rags or cloth napkins, the savings to the environment are tangible. The average cost of paper towels is about anywhere from 1. 00 to 2. 25 per roll depending on the brand. The demand for paper products such as napkins has a huge impact on the amount of trees being cut. According to the Law of Supply and Demand, as the demand increases the corresponding supply must be produced. It implies that, as the demand for paper towels and napkins increases, more trees are more likely to be cut down in order to address. I would say I use at least 4 roles of paper towels a week with approx. 100 sheets a roll and its 2 ply sheets which is just a stronger type of paper towel. In order to contribute something to the environment, one should avoid using paper products like paper towels and napkins. Instead of disposable napkins, use a handkerchief. A campaign for not using such products can also have significant effects on the number of trees to be cut. In conclusion, even in small things we can contribute big changes to help the problems in the environment. We should all be aware of the consequences of our daily consumption. REFERENCES: Tsien, Tsuen-Hsuin, Paper and Printing, vol. 5 part 1 of Needham, Joseph Science and Civilization in China:. Cambridge University Press, 1986.

Boxer-Snowe Amendment Essays -- essays research papers

Abortion Rights and the Boxer-Snowe Amendment February 15, 2001 was the first day the Global Democracy Act of 2001 was to be introduced by Senator’s Barbara Boxer, Olympia Snowe and Lincoln Chafee. This legislation would prevent the United States from imposing undemocratic and dangerous restrictions on health providers overseas. Representatives Nita Lowey and Nancy Johnson also would be introducing matching legislation in the house when it returned from recess. Senator Boxer and Representative Lowey developed the legislation in response to the â€Å"global gag rule,† imposed by President Bush on January 22, 2001 on the 28th anniversary of the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision. The rule reinstated the Reagan-era Mexico City policy, which denied United States funding to any foreign non-governmental organizations that provide abortion services, counseling or referrals, or lobbied to change abortion laws. (freerepublic.com, 2001) It was thought that by imposing the â€Å"global gag rule,† President Bush interferes with the doctor patient relationship, and the sovereignty of other nations. This rule required foreign health care providers to withhold critical medical information from their patients, as a condition of receiving U.S. funding. This restriction created a culture of fear among those best equipped to address the health needs of women and their families around the world. (freerepublic.com, 2001) In our countries’ desperate time of need over seas, this legislation also banned pu...

Inductive and Deductive Agruments

Kurt Lieberknecht The similarities and difference between inductive and deductive arguments. The best way to describe the similarities and difference between inductive and deductive arguments, it would be best if the term â€Å"argument† had a definition. Everyday people have arguments. For these everyday conversations â€Å"argument† means â€Å"dispute†. In this Logic class an argument consists of claims or statements followed by a final claim. The statements that articulates the reason for agreement of the final claim called â€Å"the premises† (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2007, Argument).This class uses this definition of â€Å"argument† to determine how to build a position on certain subjects, and reasoning to convince others to accept the final claim or conclusion (Hurley, P. A Concise Introduction to Logic  11/e, 2012, 2). If  more logical arguments were presented, there might be  fewer non-logical arguments or nonarguments. Th is gets to the main subject of comparing and contrasting inductive and deductive arguments. Statements can be considered arguments or nonarguments. Arguments can be either inductive or deductive. An argument leads to a conclusion led by a premise or premises.The premises can be true or false, in which case will change a deductive argument from sound to unsound and vice versa. The same is true for inductive arguments but the wording is cogent or uncogent. These arguments also have a terminology that describes them even further. A deductive argument can be valid or invalid, and an inductive argument can be strong or weak. Some of the biggest difference between the two includes; that an inductive argument includes new information into the argument to make the final conclusion, deductive arguments use repeating information to get to a conclusion, and wording (Smith, Mathew 2012, Logical Argument).The subject of what constitutes as an argument, it needs to consist of one or more premises and a conclusion (Hurley, P. A Concise Introduction to Logic   11/e, 2012, 14). When the premises present high-quality reasons to accept the conclusion it is stated that it is an argument. If the premises fail to support the conclusion it is still considered an argument as it has a premise and a conclusion. Being an argument does not always make the conclusion  true; that only predetermines that the conclusion follows from the premises.If  the premises are reasonable, and the final claim relates to the premises, the conclusion is very likely to be true (Hurley, 16). In other words, it is necessary for a statement to have a premise and a conclusion to be recognized as an argument in this Logic class. The argument needs to be checked if the premises are true or reasonable to  believe, and if the statements are clear. If all this is the case, it is a logical argument. If there logical argument that is deductive it is called sound. If there is a logical argument that is inducti ve it is called cogent.In a  deductive  argument, a person states that the conclusion must be correct  if, and only if, the premises are true. If the premises support the final claim, it is a  valid  argument: 1. Dogs have whiskers. 2. Animals with whiskers are mammals. C. Dogs are mammals. This is a deductive argument that is valid and has true premises it is called a  sound  argument. If the premises are false but the conclusion is true it is considered an unsound argument. This is a valid argument, but it is unsound. Here is an example. 1. All birds can fly. 2. A penguin is a bird. C. A penguin can fly.This is a valid argument because the premises support the conclusion, but a penguin clearly cannot fly. The premise â€Å"all birds can fly† is false making it an unsound argument. If a deductive argument has bad or incorrect logic, the premises do not support the conclusion even if the premises are true, the argument is  invalid. 1. All humans are mammals. 2 . Mike’s dog is a mammal. C. Mike’s dog is a human. 1. When Tim takes a shower, Tim gets wet. 2. Tim is wet. C. Tim must have taken a shower. Both conclusions are false: Mike’s dog, clearly, is not a human, and Tim could have just fallen in a ditch, or even was sprayed by a water gun.These examples show that truth of the premises is irrelevant for the validity of an argument and that validity relies solely on the logical form and if the premises support the conclusion. When a deductive argument has false premises and a true conclusion or if it has true premises but bad logic, the argument is flawed and we should reject its conclusion. It is unsound. If a deductive argument is clear, valid  and has all true premises, it is a valid sound  argument and there is a reason to accept its conclusion. In an  inductive  argument, a person claims that the conclusion is true and it is highly likely if the premises are true.If an inductive argument is logical, we cal l it a  strong  argument. If an inductive argument has bad or incorrect logic, the argument is  weak. Here are a few examples: 1. Most students at a community college live within a 20 mile radius of the campus. 2. OJC is a community college. 3. Kurt is a student at OJC. C. He must live within a 20 mile radius of OJC. This conclusion is very probable because the premises are germane to the conclusion. Only because, all of the premises are true it is a cogent argument. We may say that this argument is true. . Taylor and Ana are both students at OJC. 2. Ana is tall and so is Taylor. 3. Ana and Taylor are both 20 years old. 4. Ana majors in math, and so does Taylor. 5. Ana is on the volleyball team. C. Taylor must be on the team, too. This conclusion comes from outer space, nowhere. There are no premises that pertain to our conclusion, except maybe that Ana and Taylor are both tall. This makes it an uncogent argument. The argument says nothing about athletic abilities, which Ana p robably has because she is on the volleyball team.This does not mean that Taylor is athletic and can play volleyball. In order for an inductive argument to be strong and cogent, it should have reasonable and true premises that are relevant to the conclusion. If one or more premises are false it is a weak and uncogent argument. Reasonable people should believe the conclusions of sound and strong arguments because a sound or strong argument is that it is clear or defined as free from ambiguity or vagueness, has good logic  and  true premises (â€Å"The Traditional Square of Opposition,†Ã‚  Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy).If an argument has good logic, its conclusion must be true if all the premises are true, it is obvious that the conclusion of a sound or strong argument is true. It is obvious that any human with reason should accept the conclusion of a sound or strong argument. A few more differences between inductive and deductive arguments are the wording and the ab ility to use special abilities to distinguish between a good or bad logic arguments. A deductive argument states that it is impossible for the conclusion to be false given that the premises are true. These require necessary reason.An inductive argument states that it is improbable for the conclusion to be false given that the premises are true. They include probabilistic reasoning. There are key words in argument that play a key role in determining if the argument is Inductive or Deductive. A deductive argument could include different words such as necessarily, certainly, absolutely, or definitely (Hurley, P. A Concise Introduction to Logic   11/e, 2012, 33). Inductive arguments probably include words such as probably, improbable, plausible, implausible, likely, or unlikely (Hurley, 33).Deductive arguments have many different forms. These forms are usually considered a deductive argument but each can be considered on a case-by-case bases. Arguments that usually include mathematics , definitions, or syllogism are considered deductive. There are also different forms of syllogism. Categorical, hypothetical and disjunctive are three that were taught. Inductive arguments also contain different forms and those include: predictions, analogies, generalizations, authorities, signs, and casual inference. Some arguments become hard to determine which is deductive and which is inductive (Hurley, P.A Concise Introduction to Logic  11/e, 2012, 34). There is a list of steps to follow just like the order of operations in math. First, does the premise provide absolute support for the conclusion? If so this is a deductive argument. Next, if an argument has a specific deductive character or form. It is obviously deductive. The third indicator is having an inductive character or form. This would be considered an inductive argument. The fourth factor is that it could contain inductive language such as the list of words above. The next indicator is if it contains deductive langu age.The last factor is if the premise provides only probable support for the conclusion. It can truly be difficult to determine between inductive and deductive arguments if they are incomplete and not in a correct form (Hurley, 36). There are definitely differences between inductive and deductive arguments. The best way to determine if it is inductive or deductive is to follow the six rules. It is much easier to determine if the argument is in a correct form and logical. The wording of each is very important and their definitions of being cogent, strong, valid, or sound is a very good way of determining the type of argument.BIBLOGRAPHY Parsons, Terence 2012, the Traditional Square of Opposition. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/square/) Retrieved Feb. 2, 2013. Smith, Mathew 2012, Logical Argument, (http://www. actdu. org. au/archives/actein_site/logarg__. html) Retrieved Feb. 2 2013. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2007, Argument. (http:/ /www. actdu. org. au/archives/actein_site/logarg__. html) Retrieved Jan. 30, 2013. Hurley, P. 2012,  A Concise Introduction to Logic 11/e. Retrieved Jan. 31, 2013.

Purity of Aspirin by Spectrophotometry Essay

The mass of acetylsalicylic acid was determined using a analytical balance. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was added to the acetylsalicylic acid and heated in order to hydrolyze acetylsalicylic acid. Iron chloride was added to each volumetric flask as the purity of the aspirin can be tested by addition of Fe+3 to a suspension of the product. Phenols such as salicylic acid react with iron chloride to form coloured (violet) complexes Aspirin easily absorbs green light and green is the compliment of violet, which allows a determination of the amount of aspirin present. The percentage purity of aspirin was found to be 90. 62%. Aspirin tablets (about 5-grams) are usually compounded of about 0. 32 g of acetylsalicylic acid, which indicates that aspirin should be about 94% pure. The calculated value for aspirin content was close to the true value and indicates that aspirin sample tested was very pure. .Introduction Aspirin is a member of a family of chemicals called salicylates. This chemical can be converted (changed) by the body after it is eaten to another chemical, salicylic acid. Salicylic acid may be irritating because it is an acid; therefore one of the acidic parts was covered up with an acetyl group, converting it to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). ASA not only could reduce fever and relieve pain and swelling, but better for the stomach and worked even better than salicylic acid. Salicylic acid produces a salicylate dianion, when dissolved in water, which reacts with an acidic solution Fe (NO3)3(aq), to produce a strong violet tetraaquosalicylatroiron (III) complex. The violet color of the complex results from the fact that the complex strongly absorbs green light. When this green is removed from normal white light, we observe violet (therefore, green is the compliment of violet). This absorption of green light can be used to quantitatively determine the amount of aspirin present in the solution. The more green light that is absorbed, the more violet the solution, and hence, the more salicylate is present. If green light is directed into a solution that contains this aspirin complex, some of the green light will be absorbed. The intensity of the green light leaving the sample, I, is less than the original intensity of the green light, I0. We can talk about the fraction of light that was transmitted through the sample, transmittance (T); or we can talk about the amount of light that was absorbed by the sample, absorbance (A). Transmittance is inversely proportional to absorbance: the more light that passes through the sample, the higher the transmittance and the lower the absorbance; conversely, the less light that passes through the sample, the lower the transmittance and the higher the absorbance. Several standard solutions of the salicylate complex are prepared. The absorbance of each standard solution is measured at the wavelength of maximum absorption of green light (530 nanometer) using a spectrophotometer. A graph of these absorbance values versus the concentration of each of the standards should yield a straight line. This relationship is known as Beers’ Law: A = a b c A is the absorbance of the solution, a, is the molar absorptivity (a constant for this complex), b is the path length of cuvette (in cm), and c is the molar concentration of the solution being measured. The absorbance of a solution is directly proportional to the concentration of that solution. Therefore, the molar concentration, c, of a solution can be determined by simply measuring the absorbance, A, of that solution. Since we are actually measuring the absorbance of the complex, the stoichiometry of the reaction producing the complex is 1:1. So, if we know the concentration of the complex, we know the concentration of the aspirin. The concentration, the amount of acetylsalicylic acid and purity of aspirin sample will be determined by using Beer’s Law plot. The concentration and absorbance of sodium salicylate will be found, thus being able to find the percentage purity of aspirin.